# R6 — Independent discovery and source-quality challenge

Research cutoff: **2026-09-16T04:08:37Z**. Eligibility window: 2020-01-01–2021-12-31. This independent pass identifies omissions and classification hazards; it does **not** certify completeness, investment suitability, solvency, or continuous operation. No sibling campaign reports were requested or read; known exposure is the assignment’s seed list and the public sources registered below.

## Coverage and method

The useful additions are three deeply examined families: **Liquity/LUSD, SigmaUSD/AgeUSD, and Malt**. Together they prevent a narrow “algorithmic versus collateralized” taxonomy from concealing different redemption rights, reserve loss allocation, and dependence on future demand. The accompanying dataset contains 36 records, including unresolved candidates and ancestry. These are research classifications, not a verified count of deployed stablecoins.

Discovery began with historical surveys and directories, then original repositories, fork attribution, explorer attempts, and governance/postmortems. CoinGecko’s 2020 report, obtained from a TokenInsight mirror, and The Block’s March 2021 survey supplied contemporary leads. The present DeFiPrime page is not a historical snapshot; the attempted January 2021 archive replay failed. Historical directories are useful discovery evidence but insufficient mechanism evidence: CoinGecko’s simplified dollar-target presentation obscures materially different units. **R6-C001–002**, [S001](https://defiprime.com/stablecoins), [S003](https://s2.tokeninsight.com/static/levelPdf/Yearly_Report_2020_EN-min_2.pdf), [S004](https://www.tbstat.com/wp/uploads/2021/03/20210310_Stablecoin_Report_v1.0.pdf).

Searches reached Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Terra, Avalanche, Fantom, Ergo, Waves, Kava, HECO and Solana; Cardano received a proposal lead only. Coverage varies sharply: Ergo received a deep reconstruction, while Solana yielded an inaccessible PAI article and uninvestigated UXD/Cashio leads. Chain names in `searchedChains` mean searches occurred, not that native deployments were exhaustively enumerated. Tron, EOS, RSK, Harmony, Algorand, Tezos and older BitShares/Steem/NuBits archives were not systematically covered. No multilingual census, complete fork graph or chain-wide issuance scan was performed. Search routes and failures are recorded in R6-L001–021.

Technical claims favor code, contemporary project records, original audits and governance. Project-reported performance and reimbursements remain `project_claim`; causal extrapolation remains `inference`. A repository address is not proof of verified deployed bytecode. All recorded deployment verification values are null. Publication, event and retrieval dates are separate: unknown dates remain null, and an announcement gives an active-by bound unless its actual launch event is independently established. Current documentation is explicitly separated from historical versions.

## Census and taxonomy

“Included” means sufficient evidence for this pass’s historical population, sometimes a contemporary directory plus repository rather than a checked creation receipt. “Unresolved” means a plausible candidate still lacks necessary evidence; it does not mean unlaunched. “Adjacent” retains non-dollar experiments or testnets without counting them as fixed-dollar mainnet cases. AgeUSD and original Basis are ancestry, not extra deployed instances. The claim column resolves to full evidence and uncertainty in the JSON.

| Record | Candidate / chain | Status and classification | Claims |
|---|---|---|---|
| R6-P001 | Liquity LUSD / Ethereum | Included; collateral debt; deep | C003–007, C058 |
| R6-P002 | SigmaUSD / Ergo | Included; pooled reserve equity; deep | C008–012, C061 |
| R6-P003 | Malt / Polygon | Included; AMM policy and auction debt; deep | C013–020 |
| R6-P004 | bDollar / BNB | Unresolved deployment; Basis-related fork | C021 |
| R6-P005 | Basis Dollar / Ethereum | Unresolved deployment; explicit Basis Cash fork | C022 |
| R6-P006 | Basis Cash / Ethereum | Included; BAC/BAS/BAB | C054 |
| R6-P007 | BUILD Basis Gold / Ethereum | Unresolved; BSG/BSGS/BSGB | C023 |
| R6-P008 | Basis Gold / HECO | Unresolved; BAG/BAGS naming collision | C023 |
| R6-P009 | Ditto / BNB | Unresolved deployment; AMPL-derived rebase | C024 |
| R6-P010 | DEBASE / Ethereum | Unresolved; repository identity only | C041 |
| R6-P011 | ESD / Ethereum | Included; historical directory and source | C055 |
| R6-P012 | DSD / Ethereum | Unresolved deployment history; ESD lineage | C025 |
| R6-P013 | AMPL / Ethereum | Included; CPI-target history needs pinning | C026 |
| R6-P014 | DIGG / Ethereum | Included; BTC target, not dollar | C027–028, C059 |
| R6-P015 | YAM / Ethereum | Unresolved launch/migrations; partial docs | C029 |
| R6-P016 | BASE / Ethereum | Adjacent; total-crypto-market-cap index | C030 |
| R6-P017 | FRAX V1 / Ethereum | Included; fractional collateral | C031–032 |
| R6-P018 | UST / Terra | Included; original chain later USTC | C033–034 |
| R6-P019 | VAI / BNB | Included; collateralized issuance | C035–036 |
| R6-P020 | BEAN / Ethereum; later Arbitrum | Included; governance exploit and replant | C037–038 |
| R6-P021 | IRON / Polygon; BNB lead | Included; TITAN and STEEL must separate | C039 |
| R6-P022 | FEI / Ethereum | Unresolved original-version pin | C040 |
| R6-P023 | Mith Cash / Ethereum | Unresolved; audit index only | C042 |
| R6-P024 | FLOAT / Ethereum | Unresolved actual launch; floating target | C043–044 |
| R6-P025 | Gyroscope | Adjacent; 2021 testnet evidence | C045 |
| R6-P026 | Djed / Cardano | Unresolved proposal lead | C046 |
| R6-P027 | Defrost / Avalanche | Included; issuer-described LP collateral | C047 |
| R6-P028 | MAI / Polygon | Included; collateral vaults and USDC route | C048 |
| R6-P029 | Parrot PAI / Solana | Unresolved; inaccessible primary lead | C049 |
| R6-P030 | USDX / Kava | Included; 2020–2021 incentive-era evidence | C050 |
| R6-P031 | USDN / Waves | Unresolved original history; XTN transition lead | C051 |
| R6-P032 | Olympus / Ethereum | Adjacent; treasury monetary asset | C052 |
| R6-P033 | Tomb / Fantom | Adjacent; FTM-target monetary asset | C053 |
| R6-P034 | AgeUSD | Ancestry/framework; SigmaUSD instance separate | C056 |
| R6-P035 | Original Basis | Ancestry; not a live descendant token | C057 |
| R6-P036 | RAI / Ethereum | Unresolved historical pin; floating target | C060 |

Every abbreviated claim above has the `R6-` prefix. The seed list was checked for identity or eligibility, but several checks remain unresolved rather than being padded into case studies. In particular, current FEI source, a Mith Cash audit index, and partially accessible YAM documentation do not settle original deployments. RAI’s current explanation and historical resource index also do not pin its original controller configuration. **R6-C029, C040–042, C060**, [S039](https://docs.yam.finance/yam), [S051](https://github.com/fei-protocol/fei-protocol-core), [S052](https://ctdsec.com/audits/mith-cash/), [S071](https://reflexer.finance/why-rai/).

## Deep case 1: Liquity is a redemption-right control case

Liquity announced Ethereum mainnet operation on April 5, 2021. Its historical repository was pinned to April 6 commit `d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca`. This is stronger historical evidence than substituting current BOLD documentation, although deployed-bytecode equivalence remains unchecked. **R6-C003**, [S005](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-goes-live-on-ethereum-mainnet), [S006](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liquity/dev/d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca/README.md).

In V1, borrowers create LUSD against ETH; LQTY receives fee-related rewards rather than providing the stable liability’s backing. The specified minimum collateral ratio is 110%. LUSD holders can redeem against collateral, subject to fees and explicit restrictions, including the initial bootstrap interval. Stability Pool deposits absorb liquidated debt; uncovered liquidation debt/collateral is redistributed. The historical specification describes an immutable, governance-free core. These rights distinguish it from a token whose only contraction mechanism is purchasing future seigniorage claims. Liquidity still matters to obtaining LUSD, arbitraging its price and managing positions, but a market sale and a protocol redemption are different operations. **R6-C004**, [S006](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liquity/dev/d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca/README.md).

The pinned `PriceFeed.sol` implements Chainlink/Tellor fallback states and last-good-price behavior. Oracle diversity is therefore a concrete state machine, not a generic claim of two independent prices; current oracle documentation cannot establish the historical timing rules. **R6-C005**, [S007](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liquity/dev/d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca/packages/contracts/contracts/PriceFeed.sol).

The May 19, 2021 project account reports extensive liquidations and Recovery Mode operation during ETH stress. Borrowers whose positions were liquidated bore collateral consequences; Stability Pool participants absorbed debt in exchange for collateral exposure. This supports reported execution under stress, not a universal peg guarantee. A separate project response disputes price-aggregator sampling; neither liquidations nor pool-level prices were replayed here. Classify this as collateral-price stress and liquidation processing, not evidence of an insolvency exploit. **R6-C006**, [S008](https://www.liquity.org/blog/how-liquity-handled-its-first-big-stress-test), [S009](https://www.liquity.org/blog/addressing-concerns-about-liquity).

Later history must retain product boundaries. The 2025 V2 update records a potential Stability Pool issue, remediation and redeployment; May 19, 2025 is the separately announced BOLD relaunch. Those events do not establish a V1 LUSD exploit. Current FAQs explicitly distinguish V1 from V2. A November 2025 Safety Mode article describes behavior, not an incident occurrence. The surviving historical property is an explicit collateral-redemption architecture; present liveness and all subsequent incidents remain unverified. **R6-C007, C058**, [S010](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-v2-redeployment), [S011](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-v2-is-live), [S012](https://docs.liquity.org/v2-faq), [S073](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-v2-safety-mode).

## Deep case 2: SigmaUSD separates framework, reserve equity and implementation attacks

The February 26, 2021 Ergo announcement establishes SigmaUSD live by that date. AgeUSD is its framework ancestry, not a separate chain deployment or proof that Djed was already live on Cardano. The February 5 explanation is prelaunch design evidence: ERG forms a pooled reserve; the dollar-facing stablecoin and reservecoin have different economic claims. Reservecoin holders bear residual reserve exposure and earn fee-related benefits. There are no individual borrower vault liquidations in that described model. **R6-C008–009, C056**, [S013](https://ergoplatform.org/en/blog/2021_02_26-sigmausd-released/), [S014](https://ergoplatform.org/en/blog/2021-02-05-building-ergo-how-the-ageusd-stablecoin-works/).

Oracle-valued reserve ratios restrict issuance and reserve-equity withdrawals. The original repository and pinned v0.4 template expose different parameter evidence from the early explanatory prose. Its 2% fee and 400%/800% reserve thresholds must not be backdated indiscriminately; template identifiers still need mapping to actual bank boxes. Update-ballot code also prevents assuming governance immutability from a broad “decentralized” description. **R6-C010**, [S015](https://github.com/Emurgo/age-usd), [S069](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Emurgo/age-usd/e810b195c8a3356c5e04b05c4a107fd03d3383eb/ageusd-smart-contracts/v0.4/AgeUSD.scala).

The same template caps the stablecoin nominal rate by available liabilities per circulating coin. Accordingly, a description of redemption availability is not an unconditional claim to a fully funded dollar. Reserve insufficiency and temporary inability to submit a transaction are distinct failure conditions. The precise deployed script, oracle authorities and update thresholds remain unresolved; this is a code-level constraint with an explicit deployment limitation. **R6-C061**, [S069](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Emurgo/age-usd/e810b195c8a3356c5e04b05c4a107fd03d3383eb/ageusd-smart-contracts/v0.4/AgeUSD.scala).

The May 13 “Bearwhale Saga” describes V1 oracle-timing exploitation at reservecoin holders’ expense, followed by oracle freezing/relaunch. It separately describes V2 treasury imitation/fee theft and proxy spam obstructing exits, then patches. The exploiter’s timing advantage, reserve-equity losses, fee diversion and user access failures should not be collapsed into one dollar-peg chart. Exact wallet profits and event timestamps were not independently reconstructed. **R6-C011**, [S016](https://ergoplatform.org/en/blog/2021-05-13-bearwhale-saga/).

This case distinguishes economic extraction through stale information from transaction-path defects and operational response. Pooling reserves avoids one particular vault-liquidation structure, but does not remove reserve insufficiency, oracle timing or access risk. Current Ergo documentation still lists SigmaUSD; that proves documentation continuity only. The later outcome search did not establish uninterrupted solvency, complete incident history or 2026 redemption success. **R6-C012**, [S017](https://docs.ergoplatform.com/uses/stablecoins/).

## Deep case 3: Malt requires three distinct historical narratives

Malt’s June 10, 2021 first-day reflection and June 22 reimbursement plan establish in-window activity. The latter attributes V1 trouble to unbonding bugs and proposes roughly 74% cost-basis reimbursement in DAI plus future V2 access. That is a loss allocation plan, not proof of completed transfers. Wrapper-specific accounting, including Adamant participants, complicates who recovered what. **R6-C013–014**, [S018](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-24-hours-post-launch-reflection-and-plan-of-action-43fd7b7c63f9), [S019](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-reimbursement-plan-5eb1917547d0).

The November 2021 contest describes a redesign on testnet, not the June implementation. Above target, MALT is minted and sold for DAI; retained assets support below-target purchases/burns. When assets are insufficient, auctions solicit capital for arbitrage claims paid from later expansion. LP incentives and reward smoothing are central. A pool-level collateral measure is not automatically a balance sheet covering every outstanding liability, and auction participation is not unconditional redemption. **R6-C015**, [S020](https://github.com/code-423n4/2021-11-malt).

The code review ran November 25–December 1, 2021 and was published February 14, 2022. Findings include governor/timelock bypass capable of unlimited minting, blocked recovery withdrawals, and stale data hazards. These identify administrative, access and oracle dependencies in reviewed code; they do not prove deployed exploitation or that fixes were absent. The reviewed commit is preserved in the dataset. **R6-C016**, [S021](https://code4rena.com/reports/2021-11-malt).

February 2022 whitelist communication reports earlier compensation while still describing V2 prospectively. The May 25 V2 debrief then attributes failure to an initial reward outlier, rapid reward-reserve depletion, missing new demand and exits; it also acknowledges a rounding-related unbonding defect. Its broad assertion that code worked conflicts with its own defect account. Classify the reported episode as an incentive/liquidity failure with a code defect, not solely an external UST contagion event. Early reward recipients and exiters had different exposure from remaining depositors; exact net beneficiaries require wallet-level accounting. **R6-C017–018**, [S022](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-v2-whitelist-allocations-1c9161995951), [S023](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-v2-debrief-future-plan-fca53ede9e02).

The team subsequently claimed repayment for remaining participants; that population and face-value basis differ from V1 cost-basis compensation. A July 12, 2023 update describes another Polygon operating period. Neither statement certifies universal recovery or current operation. The retained property is a documented attempt to mobilize reserves and auction capital; durable peg restoration was not established by this pass. **R6-C019**, [S024](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-weekly-update-2-3de7e190ab65). Treat dependence on future expansion as a historical constraint, not as demonstrated permanent backing (**R6-C020**, inference).

## Six primary-source seed spot-checks

| Seed | Attributable correction | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| DIGG | BTC-tracking rebasing product active by September 15, 2021; exact launch unverified. April 2022 restructuring is a proposal, not proof rebasing stopped. | **R6-C027–028, C059**; [S075](https://oldlandingpage.badger.com/news/roadmap), [S038](https://forum.badger.finance/t/bip-92-digg-restructuring-v3-revised/5653) |
| BASE | November 17 integration announcement separately schedules November 30 Uniswap launch. Target is market capitalization divided by one trillion, not a dollar. | **R6-C030**; [S040](https://medium.com/@BaseProtocol/base-protocol-integrates-chainlink-live-on-mainnet-for-crypto-market-cap-data-199b67794c4b) |
| FRAX | Explicit historical V1 docs state December 20, 2020 launch and collateral-plus-FXS redemption. Later frxUSD reserves cannot establish V1 backing. | **R6-C031–032**; [S041](https://docs.frax.finance/frax-v1-original/original-design), [S042](https://docs.frax.com/protocol/assets/frxusd/frxusd) |
| UST | September 21, 2020 publication captions September 12 Bittrex launch; neither alone is a genesis receipt. Later Terra guide separates USTC/LUNC from new Terra. | **R6-C033–034**; [S044](https://medium.com/terra-money/announcing-terrausd-ust-the-interchain-stablecoin-53eab0f8f0ac), [S045](https://docs.terra.money/migration/exchange-migration/) |
| VAI | September 8, 2021 team discussion acknowledges depeg despite collateralization. Later V4 USDT PSM must not be backdated. | **R6-C035–036**; [S046](https://community.venus.io/t/the-solution-to-re-peg-vai-is-coming/1760), [S047](https://docs-v4.venus.io/whats-new/psm) |
| BEAN | Anniversary dates launch August 6, 2021, attack April 17, 2022 and replant August 6, 2022. Later multisig and Arbitrum token are distinct versions. | **R6-C037–038**; [S048](https://bean.money/blog/beanstalk-one-year-anniversary), [S049](https://docs.bean.money/almanac/disclosures) |

These are spot-checks, including retrospective project claims, not six fully audited deployment chronologies. BEAN’s governance exploit must not be relabeled ordinary disappearing demand. IRON’s auditor instead analyzes an economic collapse and distinguishes Polygon TITAN from BNB STEEL; exact crash-date conventions and recovery were left unresolved. **R6-C039**, [S050](https://medium.com/@omniscia.io/iron-finance-titan-post-mortem-analysis-f1d3fd1abbc9).

## Source-quality disputes and discovery queue

The most important lineage correction is that **Basis Cash, Basis Dollar, bDollar and Basis Gold are not aliases**. Basis Dollar’s repository is explicitly forked from Basis Cash; bDollar retains parent wording and audit references. Neither fork attribution nor an inherited audit link proves identical mechanics or audited deployed changes. BUILD’s Ethereum BSG is separately identified from the HECO BAG/BAGS lead. The HECO record remains weak, and an explorer search extraction is insufficient to certify BSG’s gold target or verified code. **R6-C021–023**, [S025](https://github.com/bearn-defi/bdollar-smartcontracts), [S026](https://github.com/basisdollar/basisdollar-protocol), [S029](https://github.com/build-finance/basis-gold-protocol).

Ditto’s original source identifies AMPL ancestry with chain-specific oracle and administrative machinery. DSD attributes ESD and inherited audit material. These are fork-discovery results, not completed deployments or formal code diffs. **R6-C024–025**, [S032](https://github.com/ditto-money/ditto-contracts), [S035](https://github.com/dynamicsetdollar/dsd-protocol).

FLOAT has unusually instructive evidence conflicts: its launch post corrects the planned May 6 start to May 9, while the retrieved audit cover says August 2025 but its review interval is April–May 2021. A finding also retains template-placeholder text. Preserve the artifact and commit identifiers; do not silently repair its date or infer an actual launch from a schedule. **R6-C043–044**, [S053](https://medium.com/float-protocol/float-genesis-thurs-6th-may-a21e6cb3b895), [S054](https://security.extropy.io/static/media/FloatProtocolReport.6ba3e81f539310b5194e.pdf).

Gyroscope’s own March 2022 review describes its 2021 testnet and forthcoming mainnet. The Djed primary article was inaccessible; SigmaUSD cannot substitute for a Cardano deployment. Olympus treasury backing and staking rebases do not establish a fixed-dollar redemption promise; Tomb’s stated target is FTM. Retain these adjacent experiments with explicit units. **R6-C045–046, C052–053**, [S055](https://www.gyro.finance/blog/testnet-game-statistics-and-general-review/), [S063](https://docs.olympusdao.finance/main/contracts-old/equations), [S064](https://github.com/tombfinance).

Further material leads include Avalanche Defrost and Polygon MAI, supported respectively by an issuer release and builder interview; these establish narrower facts than complete protocol histories. USDN’s XTN mirror describes a basket transition, but execution and original activity remain unresolved. FRAX naming proposals also make ticker-only joins unsafe. **R6-C032, C047–048, C051**, [S043](https://gov.frax.finance/t/fip-428-frax-north-star-proposal-v2/3652), [S057](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/11/23/2339852/0/en/Defrost-Finance-Launches-as-First-Stablecoin-Native-to-the-Avalanche-Chain.html), [S058](https://polygon.technology/blog/polygon-builder-series-vol-6-ben-and-kila-qidao), [S061](https://resources.cryptocompare.com/asset-management/1256/1698049445806.pdf).

Negative routes included archive replay failures, inaccessible explorers, GitHub API limits, an unsupported Mith audit PDF response, and unrelated Ditto/FLOAT search noise. Direct Malt articles succeeded after archive routes failed. No negative search proves nonexistence. Priority queue: deployment receipts and version mapping for unresolved seeds; later outcomes for triaged systems; Maker/DAI, sUSD, mUSD, OUSD, Celo and older monetary systems; Solana UXD/Cashio, Fantom fUSD and additional BNB forks. These gaps materially limit any later synthesis of failure frequency or survivorship.

## Historical constraints for later reviewers

The evidence supports constraints, not a candidate design. Separate a current redemption claim from a claim funded only by future issuance; identify who absorbs reserve loss; distinguish oracle accuracy from update timing and transaction access; and measure administrative powers in the exact reviewed version. A timelock’s existence is insufficient when its own bypass is available. These deductions are **R6-C020** inferences from the deep-case evidence, not tested mitigations.

Recovery accounting also needs a denominator: original depositors, remaining holders, face value and cost basis can produce incompatible “repaid” claims. Observed liquidation execution does not demonstrate perfect market pricing. Continued documentation does not demonstrate live redemption. No counterfactual prevention or promised stability follows from this report.

## Validation and stopping point

The pass stopped after three deep families, six primary-source seed checks and broader triage so both deliverables could be written and validated. No numeric TaskDescriptor hard budget was exposed. Subsequent events were searched through the retrieval cutoff, but later-history coverage is uneven and explicitly incomplete; no “no further incidents” statement is made.

Local validation passed on the final outputs: UTF-8 JSON parsing, required schema fields, permitted enums, unique IDs, resolved protocol/version/source/claim references, and report claim/source identifiers. It also checks that material claims labeled fact have retrieved evidence. No contract execution, reserve measurement, exploit reproduction, price-series reconstruction or independent truth review was performed. Structural acceptance proves artifact integrity only. The JSON preserves source access status, evidence locators, explicit unknowns and a prioritized uncertainty queue.

## Source register

All retrievals occurred on 2026-09-16 UTC. Publication dates below are source-stated, not crawler dates. Detailed access limitations and revision identifiers are in the JSON.

- **R6-S001** [DeFiPrime stablecoin directory, current edition](https://defiprime.com/stablecoins) — directory; secondary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current 2026 page, not a historical snapshot.
- **R6-S002** [Attempted January 2021 directory replay](https://web.archive.org/web/20210101000000/https://defiprime.com/stablecoins) — directory; secondary; inaccessible; publication unknown. Web retrieval returned Internal Error; no snapshot or absence claim established.
- **R6-S003** [CoinGecko 2020 Yearly Cryptocurrency Report, mirrored by TokenInsight](https://s2.tokeninsight.com/static/levelPdf/Yearly_Report_2020_EN-min_2.pdf) — directory; secondary; retrieved; publication unknown. Title checked inside PDF; hosting domain is not author. Historical taxonomy used as discovery, not technical authority. Revision: `2020 yearly report; PDF pp. 28–30`.
- **R6-S004** [The Block: Stablecoins—Bridging the Network Gap Between Traditional Money and Digital Value](https://www.tbstat.com/wp/uploads/2021/03/20210310_Stablecoin_Report_v1.0.pdf) — directory; secondary; retrieved; publication unknown. Historical directory portions inspected, not all 139 pages; no market-size figures reproduced. Revision: `20210310 / v1.0`.
- **R6-S005** [Liquity Goes Live on Ethereum Mainnet](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-goes-live-on-ethereum-mainnet) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-04-05. Retrieved during this research session; no independent reproduction of project measurements.
- **R6-S006** [Liquity historical README](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liquity/dev/d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca/README.md) — code; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-04-06. Historical commit retrieved; not a reproduced bytecode-to-deployment match. Revision: `d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca`.
- **R6-S007** [Liquity historical PriceFeed.sol](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liquity/dev/d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca/packages/contracts/contracts/PriceFeed.sol) — code; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-04-06. Retrieved during this research session; no independent reproduction of project measurements. Revision: `d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca`.
- **R6-S008** [How Liquity Handled its First Big Stress Test](https://www.liquity.org/blog/how-liquity-handled-its-first-big-stress-test) — postmortem; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-05-19. Project account; liquidation totals and success judgments not independently replayed.
- **R6-S009** [Addressing Concerns about Liquity](https://www.liquity.org/blog/addressing-concerns-about-liquity) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Project critique of aggregator price sampling; pool-level data not recomputed.
- **R6-S010** [V2 Redeployment Updates](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-v2-redeployment) — postmortem; primary; retrieved; publication 2025-02-17. Rolling page includes February 12 onward and May 19 entries; page date is not each event date.
- **R6-S011** [Liquity V2 is LIVE](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-v2-is-live) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2025-05-19. Retrieved during this research session; no independent reproduction of project measurements.
- **R6-S012** [Liquity V2 FAQ](https://docs.liquity.org/v2-faq) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current documentation. Used only for explicit distinction from V1.
- **R6-S013** [SigmaUSD—Ergo’s Community Deployed Stablecoin Is Live!](https://ergoplatform.org/en/blog/2021_02_26-sigmausd-released/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-02-26. Announcement establishes live-by date; first deployment transaction not checked.
- **R6-S014** [Building Ergo: How the AgeUSD stablecoin works](https://ergoplatform.org/en/blog/2021-02-05-building-ergo-how-the-ageusd-stablecoin-works/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-02-05. Prelaunch design description; provisional fees must not be substituted for deployed parameters.
- **R6-S015** [AgeUSD original repository](https://github.com/Emurgo/age-usd) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Framework README contains default fees; not deployment-specific. Revision: `main as retrieved`.
- **R6-S016** [Bearwhale Saga](https://ergoplatform.org/en/blog/2021-05-13-bearwhale-saga/) — postmortem; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-05-13. Ecosystem-authored account, not transaction replay; event dates inside episode are incompletely specified.
- **R6-S017** [ErgoDocs: Stablecoins](https://docs.ergoplatform.com/uses/stablecoins/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current listing shows continuing documentation, not proof of uninterrupted solvency or liveness.
- **R6-S018** [Malt 24 Hours Post Launch](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-24-hours-post-launch-reflection-and-plan-of-action-43fd7b7c63f9) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-06-10. Contemporary optimistic account preceding reimbursement; exact deployment not checked.
- **R6-S019** [Malt Reimbursement Plan](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-reimbursement-plan-5eb1917547d0) — postmortem; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-06-22. Team cost-basis accounting and repayment plan, not verified transfers.
- **R6-S020** [Malt Finance November 2021 contest repository](https://github.com/code-423n4/2021-11-malt) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Redesign/testnet specification; cannot establish June V1 mechanics or final V2 deployment equivalence. Revision: `2021-11 contest; README retrieved from main`.
- **R6-S021** [Malt Finance Findings & Analysis Report](https://code4rena.com/reports/2021-11-malt) — audit; primary; retrieved; publication 2022-02-14. Review ran 2021-11-25 to 2021-12-01; findings are not evidence of live exploitation or unpatched deployed code. Revision: `c3a204a2c0f7c653c6c2dda9f4563fd1dc1cecf3`.
- **R6-S022** [Malt V2 Whitelist Allocations](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-v2-whitelist-allocations-1c9161995951) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2022-02-06. Retrospective compensation claims and future allocation promises; not payment receipts.
- **R6-S023** [Malt V2 Debrief + Future Plan](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-v2-debrief-future-plan-fca53ede9e02) — postmortem; primary; retrieved; publication 2022-05-25. Team causal account; exact pause date and repayment transactions not verified.
- **R6-S024** [Malt Update 2](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/malt-weekly-update-2-3de7e190ab65) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2023-07-12. Project report of later Polygon operation; no 2026 operating status inferred.
- **R6-S025** [bDollar original contracts](https://github.com/bearn-defi/bdollar-smartcontracts) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. README retains Ethereum/Basis wording and parent-audit references; chain/date verification incomplete. Revision: `master as retrieved`.
- **R6-S026** [Basis Dollar original repository](https://github.com/basisdollar/basisdollar-protocol) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Retrieved during this research session; no independent reproduction of project measurements. Revision: `master as retrieved`.
- **R6-S027** [Introducing the Basis Dollar Protocol](https://basisdollar-fi.medium.com/introducing-the-basis-dollar-protocol-ab5726df2875) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2020-12-15. Proposal/intro states parameter changes; no deployment equality checked.
- **R6-S028** [Basis Cash original repository](https://github.com/Basis-Cash/basiscash-protocol) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Retrieved during this research session; no independent reproduction of project measurements. Revision: `master as retrieved`.
- **R6-S029** [BUILD Basis Gold original repository](https://github.com/build-finance/basis-gold-protocol) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Contract roles and Ethereum addresses visible; historical peg and launch not reconstructed. Revision: `master as retrieved`.
- **R6-S030** [BSG explorer result](https://etherscan.io/token/0xb34ab2f65c6e4f764ffe740ab83f982021faed6d) — transaction; primary; partial; publication unknown. Search extraction showed exact-match verification label, but direct open failed. Not accepted as fully retrieved contract verification.
- **R6-S031** [Basis Gold Share HECO directory lead](https://coinpaprika.com/waluta/bags-basis-gold-share/) — directory; secondary; partial; publication unknown. Search result only; HECO identity and deployment remain unresolved.
- **R6-S032** [Ditto Money contracts](https://github.com/ditto-money/ditto-contracts) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Original source and chain-specific oracle discussion retrieved; launch transaction not checked. Revision: `main as retrieved`.
- **R6-S033** [DEBASE/DEGOV protocol repository](https://github.com/debaseonomics/protocol) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Identity/repository located; parameter and deployment history not reconstructed. Revision: `main as retrieved`.
- **R6-S034** [Empty Set Dollar original repository](https://github.com/emptysetsquad/dollar) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Retrieved during this research session; no independent reproduction of project measurements. Revision: `master as retrieved`.
- **R6-S035** [Dynamic Set Dollar repository](https://github.com/dynamicsetdollar/dsd-protocol) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. README explicitly attributes Empty Set Squad and inherited audit; epoch claims not verified. Revision: `main as retrieved`.
- **R6-S036** [Ampleforth current official site](https://www.ampleforth.org/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current CPI target and claims are not a frozen 2020 specification.
- **R6-S037** [Badger legacy DIGG product page](https://oldlandingpage.badger.com/products/digg) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Legacy page, undated; not proof of present rebase behavior.
- **R6-S038** [BIP 92: DIGG restructuring](https://forum.badger.finance/t/bip-92-digg-restructuring-v3-revised/5653) — governance; primary; retrieved; publication 2022-04-27. Proposal to stop rebasing; execution transaction not checked.
- **R6-S039** [YAM Introduction](https://docs.yam.finance/yam) — documentation; primary; partial; publication unknown. Search extraction provides retirement statement; repeated direct open failed and shell DNS lookup failed. Do not treat as independently retrieved historical evidence.
- **R6-S040** [BASE Chainlink mainnet integration](https://medium.com/@BaseProtocol/base-protocol-integrates-chainlink-live-on-mainnet-for-crypto-market-cap-data-199b67794c4b) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2020-11-17. Contains live-mainnet wording and a future November 30 Uniswap launch; different event types.
- **R6-S041** [Frax V1 Original Design](https://docs.frax.finance/frax-v1-original/original-design) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Retrospective explicitly labeled V1 history; original contract not replayed.
- **R6-S042** [Frax USD stablecoin, current specification](https://docs.frax.com/protocol/assets/frxusd/frxusd) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current frxUSD, not historical FRAX V1.
- **R6-S043** [FIP-428 Frax North Star Proposal V2](https://gov.frax.finance/t/fip-428-frax-north-star-proposal-v2/3652) — governance; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Proposal contents establish naming hazard, not execution of every item.
- **R6-S044** [Announcing TerraUSD](https://medium.com/terra-money/announcing-terrausd-ust-the-interchain-stablecoin-53eab0f8f0ac) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2020-09-21. Caption gives September 12 Bittrex launch; publication differs. Not genesis transaction proof.
- **R6-S045** [Terra exchange migration guide](https://docs.terra.money/migration/exchange-migration/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. 2022 migration instructions distinguish original chain and new chain; schedule not an independently checked actual launch.
- **R6-S046** [The solution to re-peg VAI is coming](https://community.venus.io/t/the-solution-to-re-peg-vai-is-coming/1760) — governance; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-09-08. Team diagnosis and planned VIP, not proof of subsequent execution.
- **R6-S047** [Venus V4 Peg Stability Module](https://docs-v4.venus.io/whats-new/psm) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Later version, not a 2021 redemption promise.
- **R6-S048** [Beanstalk One Year Anniversary](https://bean.money/blog/beanstalk-one-year-anniversary) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2022-08-06. Project retrospective states 2021 launch and 2022 restart; no transaction replay.
- **R6-S049** [Beanstalk Disclosures](https://docs.bean.money/almanac/disclosures) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current document includes later Ethereum token replacement and Arbitrum migration; not original 2021 mechanics.
- **R6-S050** [IRON/TITAN postmortem by Omniscia](https://medium.com/@omniscia.io/iron-finance-titan-post-mortem-analysis-f1d3fd1abbc9) — postmortem; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-06-22. Auditor account of Polygon TITAN collapse; cannot be generalized to BNB STEEL deployment.
- **R6-S051** [FEI Protocol core repository](https://github.com/fei-protocol/fei-protocol-core) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current branch includes later proposals; original Genesis date/version and shutdown not verified here. Revision: `develop as retrieved`.
- **R6-S052** [CTDSEC Mith Cash audit index](https://ctdsec.com/audits/mith-cash/) — audit; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Index retrieved; linked PDF retrieval failed in web tool, so no inherited/audited-code safety claim.
- **R6-S053** [FLOAT Genesis—Thurs 6th May](https://medium.com/float-protocol/float-genesis-thurs-6th-may-a21e6cb3b895) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-04-29. Page contains correction moving start to May 9; exact operational milestones need receipt checks.
- **R6-S054** [Extropy FLOAT security review](https://security.extropy.io/static/media/FloatProtocolReport.6ba3e81f539310b5194e.pdf) — audit; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Cover says August 2, 2025; body says review April 21–May 4, 2021. Contains placeholder XX vulnerability wording. Original dated copy needed. Revision: `Version 1.0; 521f9c79f32b4ad66bf6192d72a5229d75c6ccba to bfcb47b228ff8ef65d942bba26fb8b346912395b`.
- **R6-S055** [Gyroscope testnet game review](https://www.gyro.finance/blog/testnet-game-statistics-and-general-review/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2022-03-12. Reports March 2021 testnet; describes mainnet as forthcoming in 2022.
- **R6-S056** [IOG Djed 2021 implementation article](https://iohk.io/en/blog/posts/2021/08/18/djed-implementing-algorithmic-stablecoins-for-proven-price-stability/) — documentation; primary; inaccessible; publication unknown. 403. Search leads only; cannot establish Cardano deployment in window.
- **R6-S057** [Defrost Finance launch release](https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/11/23/2339852/0/en/Defrost-Finance-Launches-as-First-Stablecoin-Native-to-the-Avalanche-Chain.html) — other; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-11-23. Issuer-authored press release; H20 typography retained; first-on-chain superlative not accepted.
- **R6-S058** [Polygon interview with QiDAO builders](https://polygon.technology/blog/polygon-builder-series-vol-6-ben-and-kila-qidao) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-07-15. Primary interview; exact deployment and later collateral versions not checked.
- **R6-S059** [Parrot incentive program lead](https://gopartyparrot.medium.com/parrot-fledgling-incentive-program-80-000-000-prt-for-psol-and-pai-6588775ec9e2) — documentation; primary; partial; publication unknown. Search excerpt only; direct open failed; no metrics adopted.
- **R6-S060** [Improved USDX Price Stability](https://medium.com/kava-labs/improved-usdx-price-stability-2142821fa82) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Project discussion retrieved; exact first-mint date left unknown.
- **R6-S061** [Neutrino 2.0 XTN Litepaper](https://resources.cryptocompare.com/asset-management/1256/1698049445806.pdf) — paper; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Project-authored document via third-party mirror; original publication date and on-chain rename transaction unverified. Revision: `6-page mirrored XTN litepaper`.
- **R6-S062** [Neutrino direct documentation attempt](https://docs.neutrino.at/neutrino-protocol/xtn) — documentation; primary; inaccessible; publication unknown. Direct open returned Internal Error.
- **R6-S063** [Olympus Legacy V1 equations](https://docs.olympusdao.finance/main/contracts-old/equations) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Legacy mechanics explicitly separated from current RBS and Cooler Loans. Revision: `Legacy V1`.
- **R6-S064** [Tomb official GitHub organization](https://github.com/tombfinance) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Organization describes FTM target, with 2021 repository activity; actual original deployment not verified.
- **R6-S065** [LUSD explorer verification attempt](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5f98805A4E8be255a32880FDeC7F6728C6568bA0#code) — transaction; primary; inaccessible; publication unknown. Internal Error; verification remains null.
- **R6-S066** [Malt reimbursement funds explorer link](https://polygonscan.com/address/0xe444a7d44065b06ac551623d56ba610a44a20013) — transaction; primary; inaccessible; publication unknown. 403; no balance/reimbursement verification.
- **R6-S067** [Liquity historical commit index](https://github.com/liquity/dev/commits/main/?until=2021-04-06) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Web tool failed; direct Python HTTPS retrieved HTML and commit metadata successfully. Revision: `d3ae2d35c94128eba6750a04983a62b8915846ca`.
- **R6-S068** [bDollar explorer attempt](https://bscscan.com/token/0x190b589cf9Fb8DDEabBFeae36a813FFb2A702454) — transaction; primary; inaccessible; publication unknown. Web retrieval failed; BNB deployment verification unresolved.
- **R6-S069** [AgeUSD v0.4 reference contract](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Emurgo/age-usd/e810b195c8a3356c5e04b05c4a107fd03d3383eb/ageusd-smart-contracts/v0.4/AgeUSD.scala) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Main-file body retrieved via HTTPS; directory HTML pinned its revision. Template has empty updateNFT/ballotTokenId; not a deployed SigmaUSD contract match. Revision: `e810b195c8a3356c5e04b05c4a107fd03d3383eb`.
- **R6-S070** [Ampleforth original code lineage](https://github.com/fragmentsorg/ampleforth-contracts) — code; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Former ampleforth/uFragments URL redirects here; historical CPI configuration not checked.
- **R6-S071** [Reflexer Why RAI](https://reflexer.finance/why-rai/) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current page retrieved; not evidence for exact 2021 launch.
- **R6-S072** [Olympus current token description](https://docs.olympusdao.finance/main/overview/tokens) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Current floating target and modern RBS; not 2021 implementation.
- **R6-S073** [Liquity V2 Safety Mode](https://www.liquity.org/blog/liquity-v2-safety-mode) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2025-11-05. Later explanatory document, not evidence that Safety Mode was triggered.
- **R6-S074** [Malt May 2022 archive attempt](https://medium.com/malt-protocol/archive/2022/05) — directory; primary; inaccessible; publication unknown. Archive route failed; direct V2 debrief later retrieved through related article link.
- **R6-S075** [BadgerDAO Retrospective & 2021 Roadmap](https://oldlandingpage.badger.com/news/roadmap) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication 2021-09-15. Contemporary product inventory establishes active-by evidence, not exact launch or independent user metrics.
- **R6-S076** [Reflexer community resources](https://docs.reflexer.finance/community-resources) — documentation; primary; retrieved; publication unknown. Primary curated index includes February 2021 launch references; underlying launch article not retrieved.